There are several differences when it comes to the two distinct types of iron known as wrought iron and cast iron. Although they both share the same core alloy and the terms are often used interchangeably, wrought iron and cast iron are entirely different. Both have their benefits – they can be coated to ward off rust and are produced by melting iron ore – but the distinctions lie in the process and the properties.

What is wrought iron?

Wrought iron can be described as a decorative iron. Most people will be familiar with its ornamental applications, such as the beautiful wrought iron railings it can create. The processing is different to that of cast iron, as wrought iron is ‘worked’. This means it is highly malleable and moldable and can be easily forged into shape and reheated and reworked over again. It is less brittle than cast iron and has higher tensile strength, which means it can bend without breaking.

Wrought iron is used in many ornamental applications, such as wrought iron railings, hardware, gates, and fencing. Created by forges such as https://donkeywellforge.co.uk/what-we-make/iron-gates-railings/, these can be bespoke. As it is softer, bendier, and easier to work and shape, it achieves an aesthetic final look and can bear weight without cracking.

What is cast iron?

Cast iron is highly wear-resistant, with its longevity making it the perfect material for pipes, aqueducts, anchors, machinery, and automotive parts. Cast iron is less flexible than wrought iron and lacks its malleability, making it the iron of choice for applications that need a rigid shape. The downside is that it is more brittle than its counterpart, so it won’t fare as well when it comes to malleability.

Cast iron is an iron alloy manufactured by melting pig iron or smelting iron ore, which is then mixed with other alloys and scrap metals. Once processing is complete and the melted iron has been moulded, cooled, and hardened, it can be used across a huge range of applications. Cast iron is strong, maintains its shape, and is incredibly durable.